문서의 임의 삭제는 제재 대상으로, 문서를 삭제하려면 삭제 토론을 진행해야 합니다. 문서 보기문서 삭제토론 난징 조약 (문단 편집) == 영국 측 원문(原文) == 통상적인 현대 [[영어]]와 다른 철자는 당대의 철자 표기이며, 오타가 아니다. >[[빅토리아 여왕|VICTORIA]], by the Grace of [[야훼|God]], [[여왕|Queen]] of the [[그레이트 브리튼|United Kingdom of Great Britain]] and [[아일랜드/역사#s-10.1|Ireland]], Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc. To All and Singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting ! Whereas a Treaty between Us and Our Good Brother [[황제|The Emperor]] of [[청나라|China]], was concluded and signed, in the [[영어|English]] and [[중국어|Chinese Languages]], on board Our Ship the Cornwallis, at [[난징|Nanking]], on the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord [[1842년|One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two]], by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose; which Treaty is hereunto annexed in Original. > >TREATY >[[빅토리아 여왕|Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], and [[도광제|His Majesty the Emperor of China]], being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two Countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: >Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, HENRY POTTINGER, Bart., a Major General in the Service of the [[영국 동인도 회사|East India Company]], etc., etc.; And His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commiasioners KEYING, a Member of the [[청나라#s-6.2|Imperial House]], a Guardian of the Crown Prince and General of the Garrison of Canton; and ELEPOO[* 본 문서의 개요에서 설명한, 청나라 측의 전권대사였던 인물 '이리포(伊里布)'를 의미한다. 참고로 현대 영어로 이리포는 'Elepoo'가 아닌 'Yilibu'로 표기하는 추세다.], of Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the first rank, and the distinction of Peacock's feather, lately Minister and Governor General etc., and now Lieutenant-General Commanding at Chapoo: Who, after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following Articles: > >ARTICLE [[1|I]]. >There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the Dominions of the other. > >ARTICLE [[2|II]]. >His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British Subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carrying on their Mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint at the Cities and Towns of [[광저우|Canton]], [[샤먼(도시)|Amoy]], [[푸저우시|Foochow-fu]], [[닝보|Ningpo]], and [[상하이|Shanghai]], and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., will appoint Superintendents or Consular Officers, to reside at each of the above-named Cities or Towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese Authorities and the said Merchants, and to see that the just Duties and other Dues of the Chinese Government is hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty's Subjects. > >ARTICLE [[3|III]]. >It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships, when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of [[홍콩|Hongkong]], to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct. > >ARTICLE [[4|IV]]. >The Emperor of China agrees to [[전쟁배상금|pay the sum of Six Millions of Dollars]] as the value of [[아편|Opium]] which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese High Officers. > >ARTICLE [[5|V]]. >The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong Merchants (or Cohong)[* 여기서 'Hong Merchants' 또는 'Cohong'은 모두 공행(公行)을 지칭한다. 2019년 현재 공행에 대한 별개 문서가 없으므로, 하이퍼링크 대신 각주로 서술함. 참고로 공행 무역을 영어로는 'Canton system'으로 부른다. 한국어 위키백과 등지에서도 이 명칭을 그대로 번역해 '광동 체제'라고 부르기도 한다.] who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of [[전쟁배상금|Three Millions of Dollars]], on acoount of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty. > >ARTICLE [[6|VI]]. >The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to send out an Expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust Proceedings of the Chinese High Authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty's Officer and Subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to [[전쟁배상금|pay the sum of Twelve Millions of Dollars]] on account of the Expenses incurred, and Her Britannic Majesty's Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to deduct from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which may have been received by Her Majesty's combined Forces as Ransom for Cities and Towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August 1841. > >ARTICLE [[7|VII]]. >It is agreed that the Total amount of [[전쟁배상금|Twenty-one Millions of Dollars]], described in the three preceding Articles, shall be paid as follows: >Six Millions immediately. >Six Millions in [[1843년|1843]]. That is: > Three Millions on or before the 30th of the month of June, and Three Millions on or before the 31St of December. >Five Millions in [[1844년|1844]]. That is: > Two Millions and a Half on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions and a half on or before the 31St of December. >Four Millions in [[1845년|1845]]. That is: > Two Millions on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31 st of December; >and it is further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portions of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods fixed. > >ARTICLE [[8|VIII]]. >The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of [[유럽|Europe]] or [[인도|India]]) who may be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire. > >ARTICLE [[9|Ⅸ]]. >The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under His Imperial Sign Manual and Seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity, to all Subjects of China on account of their having resided under, or having had dealings and intercourse with, or having entered the Service of Her Britannic Majesty, or of Her Majesty's Officers, and His lmperial Majesty further engages to release all Chinese Subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for similar reasons. > >ARTICLE [[10|X]]. >His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the Ports which are by the 2nd Article of this Treaty to be thrown open for the resort of British Merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of Export and Import Customs and other Dues, which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated for general information, and the Emperor further engages, that when British Merchandise shall have once paid at any of the said Ports the regulated Customs and Dues agreeable to the Tariff, to be hereafter fixed, such Merchandise may be conveyed by Chinese Merchants, to any Province or City in the interior of the Empire of China on paying a further amount as Transit Duties which shall not exceed per cent. On the tariff value of such goods. > >ARTICLE [[11|Xl]]. >It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty's Chief High Officer in China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the Capital and in the Provinces, under the term "Communication" 照會[*한문 양국끼리 문서가 오갈 때의 용어 선택을 규정하는 조항이기 때문에 영단어를 한문으로 번역하여 옆에 표기했다.], The Subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in the Provinces under the terms "Statement" 申陳[*한문 ] on the part of the former, and on the part of the latter "Declaration" 劄行[*한문 ], and the Subordinates of both Countries on a footing of perfect equality. Merchants and others not holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both sides, to use the term "Representation" 禀明[*한문 ] in all Papers addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments. > >ARTICLE [[12|XII]]. >On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being received and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic Majesty's Forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no longer molest or stop the Trade of China. The Military Post at Chinhai will also be withdrawn, but the Islands of Koolangsoo[* [[샤먼(도시)|샤먼시]](아모이)에 위치한 섬 '''鼓浪嶼'''(구랑위. [[간체자]]:鼓浪屿, 현대 영어 표기:Gulangyu Island, 한국식 한자 독음:고랑서)를 의미한다.] and that of Chusan[* 주산시에 위치한 섬인 '''舟山島'''(저우샨다오. [[간체자]]:舟山岛, 현대 영어 표기: Zhoushan Island, 한국식 한자 독음: 주산도)를 의미한다. 여담으로 오늘날 주산도에는 아편전쟁기념관이 위치해 있다.] will continue to be held by Her Majesty's Forces until the money payments, and the arrangements for opening the Ports to British Merchants be completed. > >ARTICLE [[13|XIII]]. >The Ratification of the Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., and His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged as soon as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but in the meantime counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its provisions and arrangements shall take effect. > >Done at [[난징|Nanking]] and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her Britannic Majesty's ship Cornwallis, this [[8월 29일|twenty-ninthday of August]], [[1842년|1842]], corresponding with the [[연호#s-5|Chinese date]], twenty-fourth day of the seventh month in the twenty-second Year of [[도광제|TAOU KWANG]]. [[http://libdb1.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi/capimg2.exe?1:121345731:910000108001-0-0.pdf|전문(全文)]]은 UCLA(University of California Los Angeles:캘리포니아 대학교 로스앤젤레스),Asia Pacific Center(아시아 태평양 센터)의 자료([[https://www.international.ucla.edu/asia/article/18421|#]])와 [[싱가포르 국립대학]]의 자료([[http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/hist/eia/documents_archive/nanking-treaty%20v2.php|#2]])의 내용에서 발췌, 참고, 비교, 보충하였음. [[분류:1842년/사건사고]][[분류:청나라의 역사]][[분류:빅토리아 시대]][[분류:중영관계]][[분류:19세기 협정]]저장 버튼을 클릭하면 당신이 기여한 내용을 CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 KR으로 배포하고,기여한 문서에 대한 하이퍼링크나 URL을 이용하여 저작자 표시를 하는 것으로 충분하다는 데 동의하는 것입니다.이 동의는 철회할 수 없습니다.캡챠저장미리보기